The Department of Energy in the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources in Somalia plays a crucial role in the development, regulation, and management of the energy sector in the country. This department is responsible for overseeing the various aspects of the energy industry, both renewable and non-renewable, with a focus on ensuring access to reliable and sustainable energy sources for the Somali population. 

Overview of the Energy Sector: Somalia’s energy sector faces numerous challenges but holds significant potential for development. The country has been dealing with a lack of access to electricity, aging infrastructure, and a reliance on traditional and inefficient energy sources. This has limited economic growth and development in the country. 

Main Sources of Energy: 

1. Fossil Fuels: Historically, Somalia has relied on diesel generators and other fossil fuels to meet its energy needs. This dependence on non-renewable sources has been a major challenge. 
2. Renewable Energy: Somalia has substantial renewable energy potential, particularly in wind and solar resources. Harnessing these sources is essential for reducing dependence on fossil fuels and increasing energy access in remote areas. 

Challenges and Gaps: 

• Limited Access: A significant portion of the population, particularly in rural areas, lacks access to electricity. 
• Infrastructure Deficiencies: The energy infrastructure in Somalia is underdeveloped, leading to frequent power outages and inefficiencies. 
• Insecurity: Ongoing security issues have hindered investment and development in the energy sector. 
• Lack of Investment: The lack of both domestic and foreign investment has limited the development of energy projects. 

Sector Reform: The government of Somalia has recognized the need for reform in the energy sector. This includes efforts to promote renewable energy, improve infrastructure, and attract investment. Sector reform is crucial for creating a more reliable and sustainable energy supply, as well as promoting economic growth. 

Department of Energy Units: The Department of Energy typically consists of various units or divisions responsible for specific functions, which may include: 

1. Renewable Energy Unit: This unit focuses on promoting and regulating renewable energy projects, such as wind and solar. 
2. Electricity Generation and Transmission Unit: Responsible for managing and expanding the electricity generation and transmission infrastructure. 
3. Regulatory Unit: This unit oversees regulations and policies related to the energy sector. 
4. Planning and Development Unit: This unit is responsible for formulating long-term energy strategies and plans. 
5. Energy Access Unit: Focused on extending energy access to underserved areas and communities. 
6. Investment Promotion Unit: Attracting domestic and foreign investment to the energy sector. 

It’s important to note that developments in the Somali energy sector may have occurred since my last update in September 2021. For the most current and detailed information, it is advisable to consult official government sources and the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources in Somalia.